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Delmore Schwartz (December 8, 1913 – July 11, 1966) was an American poet and short story writer. ==Biography== Schwartz was born in 1913 in Brooklyn, New York, where he also grew up. His parents, Harry and Rose, both Romanian Jews, separated when Schwartz was nine, and their divorce had a profound effect on him. In 1930, Schwartz's father suddenly died at the age of 49. Though Harry had accumulated a good deal of wealth from his dealings in the real estate business, Delmore only inherited a small amount of that money as the result of the shady dealings of the executor of Harry's estate. According to Schwartz's biographer, James Atlas, "Delmore continued to hope that he would eventually receive his legacy () as late as 1946."〔James Atlas, ''Delmore Schwartz: The Life of An American Poet''. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1977, p. 32.〕 Schwartz spent time at Columbia University and the University of Wisconsin before finally graduating from New York University in 1935. He then did some graduate work in philosophy at Harvard University, where he studied with the philosopher Alfred North Whitehead, but left and returned to New York without receiving a degree.〔 Soon thereafter, he made his parents' disastrous marriage the subject of his most famous short story, "In Dreams Begin Responsibilities", which was published in 1937 in the first issue of ''Partisan Review''.〔Irving Howe, Foreword in Delmore Schwartz, ''In Dreams Begin Responsibilities and Other Stories''. New York: New Directions, 1978, vii.〕 This story and other short stories and poems became his first book, also entitled ''In Dreams Begin Responsibilities'', published in 1938 when Schwartz was only 25 years old. The book was well received, and made him a well-known figure in New York intellectual circles. His work received praise from some of the most respected people in literature, including T.S. Eliot, William Carlos Williams, and Ezra Pound, and Schwartz was considered one of the most gifted and promising young writers of his generation.〔(Poetry Foundation Podcast )〕 According to James Atlas, Allen Tate responded to the book by stating that "() poetic style marked 'the first real innovation we've had since Eliot and Pound.'"〔James Atlas, "Introduction" in ''In Dreams Begin Responsibilities and Other Stories''. New York: New Directions, 1978.〕 In 1937, he also married Gertrude Buckman, a book reviewer for ''Partisan Review'', whom he divorced after six years. For the next couple of decades, he continued to publish stories, poems, plays, and essays, and edited the ''Partisan Review'' from 1943 to 1955, as well as ''The New Republic''. Schwartz was deeply upset when his epic poem, ''Genesis'', which he published in 1943 and hoped would stand alongside other Modernist epics like ''The Waste Land'' and ''The Cantos'' as a masterpiece, received a negative critical response.〔 Later, in 1948, he married the much younger novelist, Elizabeth Pollet. This relationship also ended in divorce. In 1959, he became the youngest-ever recipient of the Bollingen Prize, awarded for a collection of poetry he published that year, ''Summer Knowledge: New and Selected Poems''. His poetry differed from his stories in that it was less autobiographical and more philosophical. His verse also became increasingly abstract in his later years. He taught creative writing at six universities, including Syracuse, Princeton, and Kenyon College. In addition to being known as a gifted writer, Schwartz was considered a great conversationalist and spent much time entertaining friends at the White Horse Tavern in New York City. Much of Schwartz's work is notable for its philosophical and deeply meditative nature, and the literary critic, R.W. Flint, wrote that Schwartz's stories were "the definitive portrait of the Jewish middle class in New York during the Depression."〔R. W. Flint, "The Stories of Delmore Schwartz", ''Commentary'', April 1962.〕 In particular, Schwartz emphasized the large divide that existed between his generation (which came of age during the Depression) and his parents' generation (who had often come to the United States as first-generation immigrants and whose idealistic view of America differed greatly from his own). In another take on Schwartz's fiction, Morris Dickstein wrote that "Schwartz’s best stories are either poker-faced satirical takes on the bohemians and outright failures of his generation, as in 'The World Is a Wedding' and 'New Year’s Eve,' or chronicles of the distressed lives of his parents’ generation, for whom the promise of American life has not panned out."〔Dickstein, Morris. "Growing Pains: Delmore Schwartz, Forgotten Genius." ''Tablet Magazine''. Retrieved May 15, 2014. ()〕 Schwartz was unable to repeat or build on his early successes later in life as a result of alcoholism and mental illness, and his last years were spent in reclusion at the Columbia Hotel in New York City. In fact, Schwartz was so isolated from the rest of the world that when he died on July 11, 1966, at age 52, of a heart attack, two days passed before his body was identified at the morgue.〔 Schwartz was interred at Cedar Park Cemetery, in Emerson, New Jersey. A selection of his short stories was published posthumously in 1978 under the title ''In Dreams Begin Responsibilities and Other Stories'' and was edited by James Atlas who had written a biography of Schwartz, ''Delmore Schwartz: The Life of An American Poet'', two years earlier. Later, another collection of Schwartz's work, ''Screeno: Stories & Poems'', was published in 2004. This collection contained fewer stories than ''In Dreams Begin Responsibilities and Other Stories'' but it also included a selection of some of Schwartz's best-known poems like "The Heavy Bear Who Goes With Me" and "In The Naked Bed, In Plato's Cave". ''Screeno'' also featured an introduction by the fiction writer and essayist, Cynthia Ozick. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Delmore Schwartz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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